· HCFC-22 Production A Review of Scientific, Technical and Economic Aspects” prepared for the UNFCCC. (1.4% ~ 4%) HFC-23. an inevitable by -product in HCFC -22 production
· The season cycles of CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 from FTIR measurements and MIPAS data show a similar variation concentration is highest in February–April and lowest in August–October. The trends derived from the combined St Denis and Maïdo FTIR time series are −0.86 ± 0.12 and 2.84 ± 0.06 % year−1 for CFC-11 and HCFC-22
· HCFC-22 5.4 Special protective equipment for firefighters In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus. protective suit. 5.5 Specific methods Standard procedure for chemical fires. In the event of fire, cool tanks with water spray. 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Use personal protective equipment. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
· HCFC-22 according to the 2011 WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion is 1790 ± 630, i.e. between 1160 and 2420). Table 1 (overleaf) provides some sample GWP values. Examples of CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HFC-134a have been selected to illustrate the progression in knowledge over time leading to the updating of the GWP values.
In 1993, the EPA established the phaseout framework and the "worst-first" approach that focused first on HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, and HCFC-142b because these three HCFCs have the highest ODPs of all HCFCs. To meet the required 2004 reduction, the EPA phased out HCFC-141b in 2003 and froze the production and consumption of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b.
· HCFC-22、CFC-11 HCFC-141b /-》 （） 《 HCFC-22、CFC-11 HCFC-141b /-》 〇
Issues with Alternative Refrigerants. There is little cost saving in buying an alternative refrigerant once you factor in the additional cost to use an alternative refrigerant (R-407C) Alternative refrigerants typically produce higher pressures and have less cooling capacity than HCFC-22 R-22 Refrigerant. R-407C Refrigerant requires compressor oil to be changed
· These HCFC-22 global emissions estimates are updates for HCFC-22 emissions re-ported in Simmonds et al. (2017) L Missing from the two gures is previously published data and the respective sections of the manuscript would also benet from a discussion of how mole fractions compare with published data. The axes on the in-
· HCFC-22 (CHClF2) and HFC-134a (CH2FCF3) are two major gases currently used worldwide in domestic and commercial refrigeration and air conditioning. HCFC-22 contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion, and both species are potent greenhouse gases. We find pronounced seasonal variations of global emissions for these two major refrigerants, with summer emissions two
· HCFC-22. Air conditioning equipment generally runs most efficiently on the type of refrigerant it was designed for, but when the time does come to replace or retrofit your system, there are many non-ozone-depleting alternatives available. What Alternatives Can Be Used Instead of HCFC-22? Many non-ozone-depleting alternatives to HCFC-22 are
Electrochemical hydrogenation of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) was attempted using metal- and metal–phthalocyanine (PC)-supported gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). Among these modified GDEs, only the Co–PC-supported GDE showed electrocatalytic activity for HCFC-22 hydrogenation, with decomposition to methane and difluoromethane (HFC-32).
HCFC-22 (CHClF 2) and HFC-134a (CH 2FCF 3) are two major gases currently used worldwide in domestic and commercial refri-geration and air conditioning. HCFC-22 contributes to strato-spheric ozone depletion, and both species are potent greenhouse gases.
· 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 h / kJ
· HCFC-22 is a gas used in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, in foam manufacturing as a blend component of blowing agents, and in the manufacture of synthetic polymers. Because it is an ozone depleting substance, most developed countries
· As a refrigerant, HCFC-22 is the chemical that heats or cools the air that HVAC systems produce. When this fluid passes through the parts of the HVAC unit, it changes into either liquid or gas. These transformations then make the refrigerant hot or cold. These changes make the chemical quick to absorb or radiate heat from the passing air.
· Production of HCFC-22 (R-22) will stop completely by 2020. While you will still be able to find some R-22 refrigerant after 2020, it will be more expensive and you will need to rely on reclaimed and previously-produced quantities. EPA Phaseout of R-22 and Other Ozone-Depleting Refrigerants
· HCFC-22 . 、。. ，。. 40.8℃。. 146℃。. 1. 2130 g/cm3，4.82 g/L。.
For HCFC‐22, its large spatial variation is consistent with its ubiquitous use as an alternative to CFCs in the region [Chan and Chu, 2007 Chang et al., 2008]. The highest mixing ratio of 1198 ppt for HCFC‐22, nearly 6 times its NH background level (201.5 ± 0.6 ppt), was observed in Zhongshan city at 10 00 A.M. on 29 September 2008.
· R22 (or HCFC-22) is the slightly shorter name for chlorodifluoromethane. This is a colorless gas most commonly used as a refrigerant or propellant. It is a type of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) introduced in the 1950s. It quickly became the standard for AC units until developed countries like Canada, the US, and EU member states began to phase
R22 22.7kg。 R22，R-22、、22、F-22、HCFC-22。 CAS ， CHClF2， -157℃， -40.82℃， 96 ℃， 5MPa。 R22
· HCFC-22 for all but service applications by January 1, 2005 and for all applications by January 1, 2020. Because HCFC-22 is used in a large variety of applications, more than one alternative may be needed to provide optimum performance for all applications. This study will focus on
Chlorodifluoromethane or difluoromonochloromethane is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC). This colorless gas is better known as HCFC-22, or R-22, or CHClF2.
Molecular Formula. C2HCl3F4. Synonyms. HCFC-22 CFC-12. Molecular Weight. 207.38. Component Compounds. CID 6391 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) CID 6372 (Chlorodifluoromethane)
This research investigated the potential for methanotrophic biotransformation of three HCFCs — chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) and one HFC — 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). All of these compounds were biotransformed to differing degrees by methanotrophic mixed culture MM1. Rates of
· HCFC-22 according to the 2011 WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion is 1790 ± 630, i.e. between 1160 and 2420). Table 1 (overleaf) provides some sample GWP values. Examples of CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HFC-134a have been selected to illustrate the progression in knowledge over time leading to the updating of the GWP values.
· Policy support, namely the ban on manufacturing of HCFC-22 air-conditioners with cooling capacity of less than 36,000 BTU/hr and a ban on imports of HCFC-22 air-conditioners once the conversion of the eligible facilities is completed Project Title Enabling Activities for the Kigali Amendment to Phase down of HFCs.
· R22 refrigerant is a colorless gas known chemically as hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22 (HCFC-22) and is one of several refrigerants that goes by the brand name “Freon.”. It’s used in a wide variety of applications, including central HVAC, commercial refrigeration equipment and automotive AC systems.
· The plan is set to completely phase out the R22 refrigerant as well as the common refrigerant blends that contain HCFC-22 by the year 2030. This includes the R-401A, R-402A, R-408A, R-409A, R-414B, and the R-502A refrigerants. (There are actually a total of 34 HCFCs being phased out). By January 1, 2015, the ban on the production, import, and
· Production of HCFC-22 (R-22) will stop completely by 2020. While you will still be able to find some R-22 refrigerant after 2020, it will be more expensive and you will need to rely on reclaimed and previously-produced quantities. EPA Phaseout of R-22 and Other Ozone-Depleting Refrigerants
· The plan is set to completely phase out the R22 refrigerant as well as the common refrigerant blends that contain HCFC-22 by the year 2030. This includes the R-401A, R-402A, R-408A, R-409A, R-414B, and the R-502A refrigerants. (There are actually a total of 34 HCFCs being phased out). By January 1, 2015, the ban on the production, import, and
· HCFC-22 has been widely used in the air conditioning and heat pump industry, especially in residential unitary and central air conditioning systems, for many years. Because HCFC-22 has been readily available, ine -..-pensive, and less harmful to the environment than CFC's, it has become the alternative of choice for many new applications.
· The HCFC-22 production and HFC-23 destruction source category consists of HCFC-22 production processes and HFC-23 destruction processes. (a) An HCFC-22 production process produces HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, or CHClF 2) from chloroform (CHCl 3) and hydrogen fluoride (HF).
· HCFC-22、CFC-11HCFC-141b /- Determination of ozone-depleting substances including HCFC-22, CFC-11 and HCFC-141b in pre-blended polyether polyols—Headspace/gas chromatography-mass
· HCFC-22 (CHClF 2), a stratospheric ozone depleting substance and a powerful greenhouse gas, is the third most abundant anthropogenic halocarbon in the atmosphere.Primarily used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, its global production and consumption have increased during the last 60 years, with the global increases in the last decade mainly attributable to developing countries.
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